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Cell membrane Physiology: Part 1
The cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, is a thin, flexible barrier that encloses the cell, separating the interior of the cell from the outside environment. It is composed of a phospholipid bilayer, which has hydrophilic (water-loving) heads on the outer and inner surfaces and hydrophobic (water-fearing) tails in the interior of the membrane.
The cell membrane is selectively permeable, which means that it allows some substances to pass through while restricting the movement of others. This selective permeability is due to the presence of integral membrane proteins, such as channels, transporters, and receptors, that control the entry and exit of specific molecules.
The membrane potential, or the electrical potential difference across the cell membrane, is also an important aspect of cell membrane physiology. This potential is maintained by the active transport of ions, such as sodium and potassium, across the membrane by ion pumps. The movement of ions through ion channels also contributes to the membrane potential and is critical for cellular functions such as nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction.
In addition to its role in regulating the transport of molecules and ions, the cell membrane is also involved in cell signaling and communication. Membrane receptors, such as G protein-coupled receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases, receive and transmit signals from the extracellular environment to the interior of the cell, initiating various cellular responses.
Overall, the cell membrane is a dynamic and complex structure that plays essential roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis and communication with the environment.
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