Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos 72100 Crete Greece,00302841026182,00306932607174,[email protected],
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https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCQH21WX8Qn5YSTKrlJ3OrmQ
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https://twitter.com/g_orl?lang=el,
https://www.instagram.com/alexandrossfakianakis/,
by Marroqui, L., Tuduri, E., Alonso-Magdalena, P., Quesada, I., Nadal, A., dos Santos, R. S. via RSS PAP
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic, heterogeneous syndrome characterized by insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction or death. Among several environmental factors contributing to type 2 diabetes development, endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been receiving special attention. These chemicals include a wide variety of pollutants, from components of plastic to pesticides, with the ability to modulate endocrine system function. EDCs can affect multiple cellular processes, including some related to energy production and utilization, leading to alterations in energy homeostasis. Mitochondria are primarily implicated in cellular energy conversion, although they also participate in other processes, such as hormone secretion and apoptosis. In fact, due to mitochondria involvement in so many crucial cellular processes in metabolic relevant tissues, mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked to different metabolic diseases, including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Herein, we review the main mechanisms whereby metabolism-disrupting chemical (MDC), a subclass of EDCs that disturbs energy homeostasis, cause mitochondrial dysfunction, thus contributing to the establishment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. We conclude that MDC-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, which is mainly characterized by perturbations in mitochondrial bioenergetics, biogenesis, and dynamics, excessive reactive oxygen species production, and activation of the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis, seems to be a relevant mechanism linking MDCs to type 2 diabetes development.
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