This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial_DNA
00:01:07 1 Origin
00:02:46 2 Genome structure and diversity
00:03:51 2.1 Animals
00:04:13 2.2 Plants and fungi
00:05:46 2.3 Protists
00:06:55 3 Replication
00:08:23 4 Genes on the mtDNA and their transcription
00:09:47 4.1 Regulation of transcription
00:11:14 5 Mitochondrial inheritance
00:12:16 5.1 Female inheritance
00:14:54 5.2 The mitochondrial bottleneck
00:16:09 5.3 Male inheritance
00:17:29 5.4 Mitochondrial donation
00:18:29 6 Mutations and disease
00:18:38 6.1 Susceptibility
00:19:53 6.2 Genetic illness
00:21:07 6.3 Use in disease diagnosis
00:21:32 6.4 Relationship with aging
00:23:59 6.5 Neurodegenerative diseases
00:25:27 6.6 Correlation of the mtDNA base composition with animal life spans
00:26:33 6.7 Relationship with non-B (non-canonical) DNA structures
00:26:51 7 Use in identification
00:27:04 8 History
00:27:56 9 Mitochondrial sequence databases
00:31:19 10 Mitochondrial mutation databases
00:31:48 11 See also
00:33:16 12 References
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SUMMARY
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Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA or mDNA) is the DNA located in mitochondria, cellular organelles within eukaryotic cells that convert chemical energy from food into a form that cells can use, adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mitochondrial DNA is only a small portion of the DNA in a eukaryotic cell; most of the DNA can be found in the cell nucleus and, in plants and algae, also in plastids such as chloroplasts.
Human mitochondrial DNA was the first significant part of the human genome to be sequenced. This sequencing revealed that the human mtDNA includes 16,569 base pairs and encodes 13 proteins.
Since animal mtDNA evolves faster than nuclear genetic markers, it represents a mainstay of phylogenetics and evolutionary biology. It also permits an examination of the relatedness of populations, and so has become important in anthropology and biogeography.
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