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Bio World
Introduction to the cell
Cell theory
Prokaryotic cell
Eukaryotic cell
Plasma membrane
Nucleus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi complex
Lysosome
Whats is mitochondrion:
The term ‘mitochondrion’ is derived from the Greek words “mitos” and “chondrion” which means “thread” and “granules-like ”, respectively.
Discovery.
It was first described by a German pathologist named Richard Altmann in the year 1890 and trmed as bioblast.
The name mitochondrion was give by C. Benda in 1898.
All the mitochondria present in a cell are collectivelly called chondriom.
Usually animal cells have more mitochondria than plants cell.
Mitochondrion is a self reflicating organnelle.
Definition:
Mitochondrion (plural: mitochondria) is a double membrane-bound organelle present in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells, that Involevd in breaking down nutrients and generating energy-rich molecules for the cell such as ATP (adenosine triphosphate ).
ATP is the main source of energy used by the cells and also known as energy curency of the cell.
ATP is the energy currency of the cell.
Mitochondrion propurly known as the “Powerhouse of the cell,”.
Many biochemical reactions such as citric acid cycle and electron transport chain reaction involved in cellular respiration take place within the mitochondria.
Structure of Mitochondria:
The mitochondrion is a double-membraned, rod-shaped structure found in both plant and animal cell. Its size ranges from 0.5 to 1.0 micrometre in diameter.
Mitochondrion comprises an outer membrane, an inner membrane, inner membrane space and a gel-like material called the matrix.
Cristea.
The inner membrane of mitochondria has many folds that form a layered structure called cristae, and this helps in increasing the surface area inside the organelle.
Cristea contain pin like particles known as oxysomes, elementary particles or F¹ particles. They are actualy ATP synthtase enzymes reaponsibel for ATP synthesis.
The cristae and the proteins of the inner membrane aid in the production of ATP molecules.
A number of chemical reactions take place within the inner membrane of mitochondria.
Mitochondrial Matrix:
The mitochondrial matrix is a viscous fluid that contains a mixture of enzymes and proteins. It also comprises 70S ribosomes, inorganic ions, mitochondrial circular DNA, nucleotide, cofactors, and organic molecules. The enzymes present in the matrix play an important role in the synthesis of ATP molecules.
Functions of Mitochondria.
• The most important function of mitochondria is to produce energy through the process of oxidative phosphorylation.
But it is also involved in the following process:
• Regulates the metabolic activity of the cell
• Promotes the growth of new cells and cell multiplication
• Helps in detoxifying ammonia in the liver cells
• Plays an important role in apoptosis or programmed cell death
• Responsible for building certain parts of the blood and various hormones like testosterone and oestrogen
• Helps in maintaining an adequate concentration of calcium ions within the compartments of the cell
• It is also involved in various cellular activities like cellular differentiation, cell signalling, cell senescence, controlling the cell cycle and also in cell growth.
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