Mitochondria structure and function Bs zoology semester 1st Animal life 1 By Asim zoologist
MITOCHONDRIA
Mitochondria are commonly called as power house of the cell. They provide energy transuding system. This system is used to change the food into chemical energy by oxidative phosphorylation. ATP is synthesized during oxidative phosphorylation.
Structure of Mitochondria
Mitochondria are rod shaped. Their diameter is about 0.5μm. They have variable length up to 7μm. There are 1000 to 1600 mitochondria in liver cells. The mitochondria contain two membranes. These membranes are separate by 8 to 9nm. The membranes are composed of unit membrane structures. The unit membrane is composed of lipid and protein molecules. These membranes form two compartments.
Inner compartment: It is filled with the mitochondrial matrix. It is bound by inner membrane.
Outer compartment: It is present between the inner and outer membrane.
Mitochondrial matrix
The mitochondrial matrix is generally homogenous fluid. But sometimes it contains dense granules. These granules contain phospholipids. The mitochondrial matrix also contains a circular DNA and ribosomes.
Mitochondrial crest:
The mitochondrial matrix contains complex infolding. These infoldings are called mitochondrial crests or cirstae.
F₁ Particles:
The inner membrane of the mitochondria contains numerous small particles. These are called elementary or F, particles. Their diameter is 8.5nm.
Outer Membrane: Monoamine oxidase, NADH-Cytochrome reductase, Fatty acid CoA ligase.
♦ Space between outer and inner membrane: Adenylate kinase, nucleoside diphosphokinase.
⚫ Inner membrane: Respiratory chain enzyme, ATP synthase, ⚫ Matrix: Malate dehydrgenase, Citrate synthetase, a-keto acid dehydrgenase.
Functions of mitochondria Following processes take place during oxidations reactions in mitochondria:
1. Mitochondrial matrix: Krebs’s cycle and a-oxidation and B- oxidations of 2. Inner membrane: Electron transport chain and ATP synthesis by oxidative
fats.
phosphorylation.
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