#Mitochondria#cellorganelles#ATP
Today in this topic following notes has been explain ed about Mitochondria
#mitochondria membrane-bound #organelle found in the #cytoplasm of almost all #eukaryotic cells (cells with clearly defined nuclei), the primary function of which is to generate large quantities of energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mitochondria are typically round to oval in shape and range in size from 0.5 to 10 μm. In addition to producing energy, mitochondria store calcium for cell signaling activities, generate heat, and mediate cell growth and death.
The number of mitochondria per cell varies widely—for example, in humans, #erythrocytes (red blood cells) do not contain any mitochondria, whereas liver cells and #muscle cells may contain hundreds or even thousands. The only eukaryotic organism known to lack mitochondria is the oxymonad Monocercomonoides species. Mitochondria are unlike other cellular organelles in that they have two distinct membranes and a unique genome and reproduce by binary fission; these features indicate that mitochondria share an evolutionary past with #prokaryotes.
The outer mitochondrial membrane is freely permeable to small molecules and contains special channels capable of transporting large molecules. In contrast, the inner membrane is far less permeable, allowing only very small molecules to cross into the gel-like matrix that makes up the organelle’s central mass. The matrix contains the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of the mitochondrial genome and the #enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (also known as the citric acid cycle, or Krebs cycle), which #metabolizes nutrients into by-products the mitochondrion can use for #energy production.
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Mitochondria || Structure || Function || Full Details in Pastho || MDCAT based Key points
