The Warburg Effect is considered the hallmark of cancer cell metabolism and is defined as: a cancer cell’s increased glucose uptake, production of lactate even in the presence of oxygen, and utilization of the biosynthetic Kreb’s cycle. Understanding the Warburg Effect provides a key foundation for developing cancer treatment options and diagnostic tools.
References:
1. Alam, M. M., Lal, S., FitzGerald, K. E., & Zhang, L. (2016). A holistic view of cancer bioenergetics: mitochondrial function and respiration play fundamental roles in the development and progression of diverse tumors. Clinical and translational medicine, 5(1), 1-14.
2. Gerencser, A. A., Chinopoulos, C., Birket, M. J., Jastroch, M., Vitelli, C., Nicholls, D. G., & Brand, M. D. (2012). Quantitative measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential in cultured cells: calcium-induced de- and hyperpolarization of neuronal mitochondria. The Journal of physiology, 590(12), 2845–2871. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2012.228387
3. Harvard Online. (2017, April 19). ATP synthase in action. [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/kXpzp4RDGJI
4. Liberti, M. V., & Locasale, J. W. (2016). The Warburg Effect: How Does it Benefit Cancer Cells?. Trends in biochemical sciences, 41(3), 211–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibs.2015.12.001
5. Mannella, C. A., Lederer, W. J., & Jafri, M. S. (2013). The connection between inner membrane topology and mitochondrial function. Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology, 62, 51-57.
6. nature video. (2014, November 21). Targeting cancer cell metabolism [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/kYmLQP2M-qo
7. Oyelere, Y. (2022). Cellular Respiration I: Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex and The Citric Acid Cycle. [PowerPoint Presentation]. Google Drive. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1jE9BGwfZrqSIh5JePlV9Q7dQ33lqQUc5/view?usp=sharing
8. Oyelere, Y. (2022). Electron Transport & Oxidative Phosphorylation. [PowerPoint Presentation]. Google Drive. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1CYTVWG6n3taovbiUPmMJvkrLYeSxtC4v/view?usp=sharing
9. Oyelere, Y. (2022). Glycolysis and Regulation. [PowerPoint Presentation]. Google Drive. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Rr451Jjy0jyWRxOlbPMpm2WddslQ5MzX/view?usp=sharing
10. Weinberg, R. A. (1996). How Cancer Arises. Scientific American, 275(3), 62–70. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24993349
11. Weir, H. K., Thompson, T. D., Soman, A., Møller, B., & Leadbetter, S. (2015). The past, present, and future of cancer incidence in the United States: 1975 through 2020. Cancer, 121(11), 1827–1837. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.29258
source
