What is the function of the nucleus? In this video, we will be going over the function of the nucleus.
What is the Function of the Nucleus?: The nucleus controls and regulates the activities of the cell (e.g., growth and metabolism) and carries the genes, structures that contain the hereditary information. Nucleoli are small bodies often seen within the nucleus.
The nucleus: Controls of the genetical information, protein and enzyme synthesis, cell division and cell growth; Storage of DNA, RNA, and ribosome; Regulation of the transcription of the mRNA to protein; Production of ribosomes.
The nucleus: is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells, the exception being red blood cells. The primary functions of the nucleus are to store the cell’s DNA, maintain its integrity, and facilitate its transcription and replication.
The nucleus: has 2 primary functions: It is responsible for storing the cell’s hereditary material or the DNA. It is responsible for coordinating many of the important cellular activities such as protein synthesis, cell division, growth, and a host of other important functions.
— The nucleus definition from Wikipedia —
The primary function of the nucleolus is in facilitating ribosome biogenesis, through the processing and assembly of rRNA into preribosomal particles.
In cell biology, the nucleus (pl. nuclei; from Latin nucleus or nucleus, meaning kernel or seed) is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotes usually have a single nucleus, but a few cell types, such as mammalian red blood cells, have no nuclei, and a few others including osteoclasts have many. The main structures making up the nucleus are the nuclear envelope, a double membrane that encloses the entire organelle and isolates its contents from the cellular cytoplasm; and the nuclear matrix (which includes the nuclear lamina), a network within the nucleus that adds mechanical support, much like the cytoskeleton supports the cell as a whole.
The cell nucleus contains all of the cell’s genome, except for the small amount of mitochondrial DNA and, in plant cells, plastid DNA. Nuclear DNA is organized as multiple long linear molecules in a complex with a large variety of proteins, such as histones, to form chromosomes. The genes within these chromosomes are structured in such a way to promote cell function. The nucleus maintains the integrity of genes and controls the activities of the cell by regulating gene expression—the nucleus is, therefore, the control center of the cell.
Because the nuclear envelope is impermeable to large molecules, nuclear pores are required to regulate nuclear transport of molecules across the envelope. The pores cross both nuclear membranes, providing a channel through which larger molecules must be actively transported by carrier proteins while allowing free movement of small molecules and ions. Movement of large molecules such as proteins and RNA through the pores is required for both gene expression and the maintenance of chromosomes.
Although the interior of the nucleus does not contain any membrane-bound subcompartments, its contents are not uniform, and a number of nuclear bodies exist, made up of unique proteins, RNA molecules, and particular parts of the chromosomes. The best-known of these is the nucleolus, which is mainly involved in the assembly of ribosomes. After being produced in the nucleolus, ribosomes are exported to the cytoplasm where they translate messenger RNA.
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