Why do we breathe? The role of mitochondria in human metabolism
The mitochondria are major organelles involved in the oxidation of fuels and in the production of ATP in human cells. Mitochondria need oxygen gas to amplify the synthesis of ATP. Mitochondrial activity can be adapted depending on the cellular demands. Mitochondria also play several other roles in human cells, such as in mediating ammonia detoxification, synthesis of certain lipids (fatty acids, cholesterol, and phospholipids), production of steroid hormones, metabolism of catecholamines (adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine), and calcium ions homeostasis. Moreover, mitochondria are an important source of reactive species, including free radicals. Cell death can be regulated by mitochondria, and this is relevant in both physiological and pathological contexts, as well as during aging.
Mitochondrial physiology is a therapeutic target regarding the prevention or the treatment of several human diseases.
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#mitochondria #atp #metabolism #biochemistry #physiology
References
1) Marks’ Basic Medical Biochemistry: A Clinical Approach, 6th edition, by Michael A Lieberman PhD, Alisa Peet MD; ISBN-10: 1975150147, ISBN-13: 978-1975150143
2) Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7th edition, by Thomas M Devlin; ISBN-10: 047028173, ISBN-13: 978-0470281734
3) The impact of diet upon mitochondrial physiology – https://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/ijmm.2022.5191
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Image links
Human cell – https://stock.adobe.com/ca/images/3d-rendered-illustration-of-a-human-cell-cross-section/230403088?prev_url=detail
Red blood cells – https://pixabay.com/pt/photos/gl%c3%b3bulos-vermelhos-vaso-sangu%c3%adneo-4256710/
Liver – https://stock.adobe.com/ca/images/human-liver-anatomy/261074479?prev_url=detail
Neuron – https://stock.adobe.com/ca/images/3d-illustration-of-neuron/260545727?prev_url=detail
Skin – https://stock.adobe.com/ca/images/studio-close-up-of-a-shoulder-and-collar-bone-of-a-woman/454084588?prev_url=detail
Red blood cells – https://stock.adobe.com/ca/images/3d-rendered-illustration-of-red-blood-cells-in-a-human-artery/479024111?prev_url=detail Kidneys – https://stock.adobe.com/ca/images/3d-rendered-medically-accurate-illustration-of-the-male-kidneys/479520392?prev_url=detail Cartilage (knee)- https://stock.adobe.com/ca/images/anatomy-subscribe-structure-knee-joint-raster-basic-medical-education/217735052?prev_url=detail
Skin/hands – https://stock.adobe.com/ca/images/closeup-picture-of-a-mature-female-s-hands-she-applying-hand-cream-or-lotion-to-soothe-and-moisture-her-dry-and-rough-skin-from-aging-skin-problem-woman-beauty-and-health-40-collagen-and-elastin/305635922?prev_url=detail Mitochondrion – https://stock.adobe.com/ca/images/labeled-mitochondria-diagram/499267271?prev_url=detail&asset_id=499267271
Mitochondrion – https://pixabay.com/pt/illustrations/mitoc%c3%b4ndria-c%c3%a9lula-biologia-6258212/
Lungs – https://pixabay.com/pt/vectors/pulm%c3%b5es-%c3%b3rg%c3%a3o-humano-diagrama-37824/
Woman/sun – https://pixabay.com/pt/photos/mulher-felicidade-nascer-do-sol-3456673/
Potatos – https://pixabay.com/pt/photos/batatas-de-endro-ucranianas-batatas-2652561/
Beef/rosemary – https://pixabay.com/pt/photos/bife-frigideira-alecrim-comida-3766548/
Ice cream – https://pixabay.com/pt/photos/sorvete-sobremesa-doce-frutas-3611698/
Mitochondrion 3D – https://stock.adobe.com/ca/images/3d-illustration-of-mitichondria-the-energy-providers-of-a-eukaryotic-cell/190162274?prev_url=detail
Brain – https://stock.adobe.com/ca/images/hand-drawn-brain-isolated-on-background/201291969?prev_url=detail Heart, kidneys, liver – https://stock.adobe.com/ca/images/internal-organ-donation/168615078?prev_url=detail
Muscle, human running – https://stock.adobe.com/ca/images/medically-accurate-illustration-of-a-human-muscle-system-run-pose-3d-rendered-on-white-no-shadow/320774670?prev_url=detail
Atherosclerosis – https://stock.adobe.com/ca/images/atherosclerosis-with-plaque-in-vessel/394303002?prev_url=detail&asset_id=394303002
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